Outline current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures Essay

The children’s Act 1989 The children’s act 1989 is a British act of parliament that changed the law concerning children; the law introduced the idea of ‘Parental responsibility’ i.e. – The child’s requirements arising from race, culture, language and religion be taken into account. – The best place for a child/young person was to be cared for was within their own home. – If legal proceedings should occur then parents should continue to be involved with their children, even if the parents were separated or divorced. See more: 5 paragraph essay format – The welfare of a child should be promoted by a healthy partnership between the local authority and by family involved. The most important ruling of the children’s act was the welfare of the child and it should be regarded paramount by a court in any question of the child’s upbringing. The following checklist must take place by a court when making a decision about a child’s future; – The wishes and feelings of the child/young person must be taken into consideration and that the child has a chance to expresses their concerns and opinions. – The physical, emotional and the educational needs of a child be taken into thought – e.g. could it affect their education if removed from their family due to stress, this could also affect the child physically, losing weight due to unhappiness and upheaval in their lives. Emotionally a child/young person could feel frightened about being alone and separated from parents, the will almost certainly feel insecure and rejected about the transition they will have to make. – Any harm that that the child has already suffered or is at risk of suffering if kept in his/hers present surroundings. The heart of the  children’s act is to offer adequate safeguards to a child/young person who may be at risk and try to protect families and their children from being separated. United Nations Convention (UNICEF) in 1989 governments worldwide set out a pledge that all children should have the same rights. These rights were based on what a child needed to survive, grow and to fulfil their potential. They would be regarded the same no matter of who they were or where they came from. Human rights were founded on; – reverence or worth of every individual under the age of 18, regardless of race, gender, language or religion. – All organisations involved with children should work together in order to work towards what is best for that child. – That all children have a right to a life and that government should make sure that a child survives and develops properly in order to reach their potential. – A child should not be separated from their parents unless it is absolutely essential – e.g.; abuse or neglect. If the child has parent’s who are separated then the child should have the right to stay in contact with both parents unless this will cause harm and hurt to the child. – Governments should take steps to stop a child/young person being illegally taken from their country by an abducting parent. Every child matters. Every child matters was a UK government initiative that was launched in 2003 after the death of Victoria Climbie. Every child matters cover children and young adults up to the age of 19. The aims of this initiative are for every child, whatever their background or circumstance, to have the support they need to; – Be healthy; Physical, mental and emotional well being – Stay safe; Protection from harm and neglect – Enjoy and achieve; Education training and recreation – Make a positive contribution; The contributions made by them to society – Achieve economic well being; Social and economic well being Each of these themes has a framework attached that requires multi agency partnerships working together to achieve success i.e. early years, children’s social services and schools. In the past it was believed that children and families received poor services through lack of communication with the appropriate professionals involved. Every child matters changed this view by stressing that all professionals should be aware of the input that could be made by their own and each other’s service. Working together to safeguard children Working together to safeguard children is a government guideline which sets out how organisations and individuals should work together to safeguard and encourage the welfare of children and young people in agreement with ‘the children act 1989’ and ‘the children act 2004. Working together is designed for professionals who have particular responsibilities for safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children. The key of this guideline is that professionals caring for young people must work together to improve children’s and young people’s lives. They must respect and listen to what children and young people have to say and involve all parties when making decisions. Common assessment framework (CAF) a common assessment framework is an approach taken when conducting an assessment of a child/young person’s needs and deciding how these needs should be met. All professionals involved with children have developed this for use so that they can communicate and work more effectively together. CAF supports early intervention by providing a guideline that enables professionals in specific services to assess the needs of a child/young person and to look for other services that can help. A CAF is essential for professionals to identify any sign that a child may be in need of extra support, to then assess that child’s needs and gather information for relevant agencies. A framework was designed to help local authorities to work alongside families to promote the upbringing of a child/young person.  The children’s act provided frameworks for local authorities to develop effective strategies and policies in which to work. It can also be used for recording and sharing infor mation to agencies and specialist services to use their resources where they are needed most. 1.2 Explain child protection within the wider concept of safeguarding children and young people. Safeguarding is about protecting children and young people from more than just direct abuse. Any service that works with children and young people has a wider role than simply protecting them from neglect and abuse. The Staying Safe action plan recognises many important aspects in the wider view of safeguarding including; – keeping children safe from accidents. – Crime and bullying. – forced marriages – missing children. – Actively promoting their welfare in a healthy and safe environment. 1.3 Analyse how national and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding affect day to day work with children and young people. It is very important that anybody working with children should be able to recognise if a child is at risk of harm or in need because of their vulnerability. The earlier this is recognised, the better the outcome will be for the child involved. There are guidelines to follow to make sure that all of the services and agencies involved can work together to get the best outcome for the child and to improve their safeguarding. Any childcare practise will have clear policies and procedure that cover all aspects of safeguarding; this will include policies for, – Health and safety. – Child protection. – contact with children and performing personal care. – Outings – Visitors to the setting Risk assessments must be carried out to make sure that there are no safeguarding threats to the children in a setting, premise’ need risk assessing, for example are there any entrances to the building that an unauthorised person could use, or could a child leave without anybody noticing. 1.4 Explain when and why inquiries and serious case reviews are required and how the sharing of the findings informs practice. There is an important partnership in every feature of safeguarding, from government legislation to local guidelines on safeguarding. It is crucial that all agencies communicate and cooperate together to promote the safety and well being of children. In the framework of safeguarding we must establish and abide by guidelines and work within the law, especially in regard to the protection of children. In the event of a death or a child is suspected of being a victim of abuse or neglect, there will always be a serious case review. The local safeguarding children’s board (LSCB) will consider whether a review should be undertaken and whether there could be other children involved i.e. siblings. Subsequently organisations and agencies should consider whether there are lessons to be learnt from these cases, what these lessons are, how they can be acted on and what can be expected to change as a result, ultimately this will improve inter agency work and better safeguard for children an d young people. The newest development to help agencies and professionals share information is the common assessment framework (CAF), this system enables multi agencies to access and add information about children. 1.5 Explain how the processes used by own work setting or service comply with legislation that covers data protection, information handling and sharing. Sharing information is the solution to improving beneficial outcomes for all children. It is essential to facilitate early intervention and preventative work for safeguarding children. All professionals involved with children  must know and understand what to do and the most effective ways of sharing information about children who are at risk of abuse or neglect. In some situations, sharing information with a family about their child could seem good practice, but it is not crucial e.g. where evidence of abuse or neglect could be destroyed or removed by a parent/carer or where a child could be placed at an increased risk when parents/carers have this knowledge. Any paperwork with children’s details on is kept away from other parents and only used when needed, no information can be passed on about somebody else’s child and details cannot be given out. Letters are often sent out to make sure that all details are up to date.

Rail construction project failure Research Paper

Rail construction project failure - Research Paper Example The rail transport in this country is underdeveloped with rail transportation accounting for less that 1% of the land transportation (Oluwakiyesi 2011). It has been found out that non-utilization of competent consultants and contractors, inconsistencies in government policies, defective cash flow, and inadequate monitoring are the major cause of failure of projects in this country (Ololusi & Otunola 2012). However, the government and other stakeholders have been very slow to react and thus the problem continues to be evident. Morocco on the other hand is an African country that has been able to construct its railway system with all odds. It has recently pursued an upgrading of its rail network to meet the expectations of the customers and aspirations of economic operators (ADB 2011). This indicate that unlike other countries whose rail network rate back in the colonial period, most of the rail networks in Morocco are current. The reason for this is the several successful railway cons truction projects done in this country. The development of the railways in this country is associated with its collaboration with other Arab countries. This collaboration has been assisting Morocco to pull together massive capital investments at the beginning of the railway construction projects thus making them successful. According to Mawared (2012), the forming of community with other countries has aided economic growth in this country thus enhancing success of railway construction projects. b) Statement of the problems Railway construction experiences various problems. According to Lucas (2004), the board and management of railway construction programs find it difficult to keep the programs going at full speed. This causes the railway network in most of the country to stagnate or under-develop. This is one of the problems that will be addressed by this the research we propose. No research has been done to address this problem and that is why this research will be of importance. The other problem is about the funding of railway construction projects. The funding of these projects has been found to be beyond the capability of the government and stakeholders involved (Foch 2012). Very few researches have attempted to solve this problem and they have not been able to provide an appropriate solution to the problem. Therefore, there is a need to design a mean that could be used to fund such projects. Moreover, these projects are not only influenced by financial factors but also by social and environmental factors (COWI 2012). This problem has been avoided for years and that is why we have decided to undertake this research to address it. There is a need to establish some of those factors that might be causing the projects to fail so that to avoid their failures in the future. This will be a third problem that will be addressed by the proposed research. c) Research hypotheses The large sizes of railway construction projects make the projects complicated thus cont ributing to their failures. The large cost involved in the railway construction projects is the major cause of their failures. Other factors like socio-economic and environmental factors also play a great role in causing failure of railway construction projects. Lack of collaboration between the people involved in the r

Customer Satisfaction and Market Segmentation of Mass Transit Railway Dissertation

Customer Satisfaction and Market Segmentation of Mass Transit Railway (MTR) Corporation Limited - Dissertation Example The research has played an important role in highlighting the importance and need of customer satisfaction in the success and growth of the organsiation. The researcher had always an interest in understanding the dynamics of marketing and strategic management and the research offered an opportunity to learn different intricacies of the subject matter. While conducting the research, there were moments when the whole idea of achieving the proposed aim and objectives was looking far away. However, with due support of professors, friends and family, there was a new way that helped in gaining confidence of learning new things. It was really nice to interact with a number of people and analysing their views and opinions on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is an abstract concept that requires thorough understanding of the nature and preference of customers. The researcher learnt a lot by analysing the views and opinions of customers that were very similar to the literature. An u nderstanding over the different facets of the research allowed the researcher to look things from different angles and perspectives and this learning has been pretty useful that can be incorporated in the personal and professional life. Every research is a kind of journey that adds great value. The researcher has been lucky enough to learn patience, understanding and analysis of things and opinions from different perspectives and angles. ... NT Knowledge is in the end based on acknowledgement- Ludwig Wittgenstein Every research starts with a general idea that gets depth and value with the support and guidance of others. Knowledge is doubled when share and supported in a compassionate manner. The researcher would like to thank his supervisor†¦ for his kind support and positive motivation that helped in achieving the proposed aim and objectives of the research. His continuous guidance created good amount of interest that has been reflected in the research. The researcher would also like to thank his professor†¦ for offering him key insights over the subject matter. Without his guidance and efforts, things would have been a bit different in terms of results and outcomes. The researcher would like to appreciate the management of the University that allowed him to access library and other electronic sources that helped in gaining knowledge over the subject matter. More importantly, this created a positive response f rom the researcher side in terms of delivering the goods in an expected manner. The role of family in supporting the research cause has been immense and without their support and motivation; things would have not shaped in a desired manner. Their understanding and constant support allowed the researcher to add continuous value to the research topic. The researcher would also like to thank his friends for sharing their ideas and views over the research topic that helped in developing multiple perspectives. Overall, a deep gratitude to everyone who made this research journey a successful one. The researcher would like to thank everyone for their direct and indirect support and dedicate the entire effort to their support and motivation. Their presence and guidance helped in identifying various issues

Abortion Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Abortion Final - Essay Example So questions arise like, is the mother who has aborted the child killer? Or, is the male partner of that woman equally responsible for this abortion/murder? Abortion is wrong at any stage, even at embryonic stage. If we will allow abortion for an earlier stage, then people will take advantage of this relaxation and will try to abort to baby even at a more mature stage which is called as fetus. So the main point of writing this paper is to argue that abortion should remain a crime except for a few genuine reasons. The term ‘abortion’ refers to those acts that are aimed at ending pregnancy. It also refers to forcing out the fetus or embryo form the womb of mother before it could be able to survive on its own: before complete child development that takes about 9 months in total after conception. If this happens accidentally, it is referred as ‘miscarriage’. In this paper we are going to present some common ethical dilemmas against abortion. Then later we will analyze those dilemmas. Giving birth to children is an important part of personal as well as social life. Nevertheless, there are people who decide to have an abortion due to various reasons (Graber, M. 1996). We are also going to discuss the methods that are generally used to abort a baby at different stages of the child development. We then have a look at historical and legislation frontiers. We will also discuss this issue in the light of normative ethics. The reason behind an abortion varies from society to society and culture to culture. Some societies hate girls and abort if the gender test shows that they are going to have a baby girl. On the other hand, many parents or partners change their minds to have a baby and abort the baby. In cases of rapes, rape victims are used to abort the baby because this act is wrong altogether. One child policy that prevails in China is also one of the reasons behind abortions. In some poor countries,

Global Sourcing - Defining Global Capital Market Opportunities close Essay

Global Sourcing - Defining Global Capital Market Opportunities close - Essay Example p.). As such, global sourcing of capital could be described as a practice of sourcing funds from the global market/fund through the use of financial instruments such as stocks, mutual funds and engaging services of intermediaries. All investments have risks, and these are described as the systematic risk and unsystematic risks. Systematic risks are those risks that could not be diversified or eliminated, usually a big event that will set off a loss of economic value or confidence in the financial system. Examples are war, inflation, fluctuations of interest that affect the entire economy. Unsystematic risks are those belonging to the company alone. Examples are fires, natural disasters, or falling of sales. Risks in investments could not be eliminated, however, systematic risks could be measured and expected market returns are calculated through statistical method of regression analysis. Regression analysis makes use of Beta coefficient. A Beta coefficient is a measure of volatility that says, â€Å"a beta of 1 means that the security’s price will move with the market; less than 1 means that the security price will be less volatile in the market, and a beta of more than 1 indicates that the security’s price will be more volatile in the market† (Investopedia, n. p.). A beta >1 scheme offers greater returns but at the same time presents more risks. Example: high-tech stocks have a beta >l, while utilities have

The challenges, benefits and trade-offs of expanding the reach of Essay

The challenges, benefits and trade-offs of expanding the reach of international law - Essay Example The essay will discuss what is done normatively, touching upon individual rights and responsibilities at the institutional level. Benefits A number of things have evolved normatively and also at the institutional level to incorporate individual responsibilities and rights in international law. This has led to the significant advancements and benefits for individuals. Firstly, the individual rights are recognized in a more formal and appropriate capacity, as it is evident within the context of the Universal Declaration of The Human Rights. It identifies the people’s dignity and also the equal and inseparable rights of individuals, such as freedom of belief and speech. These rights should be protected by the rule of law. It became adopted in 1948 by the General Assembly of the United Nations. It indicated that member-countries had to publicize the Declaration text, disseminate, display, and have it revised principally in all educational institutions, without distinctions based o n the status of the political mood of nations or territories. This has enabled the education of individuals about their rights on a global scale (Diehl, 2009). The fact that there is the documentation of the rights and they have become codified provided people with confidence to step forward and seek protection when their rights are violated. For example, the Geneva Convention and its two added protocols regulate the behaviour in an armed conflict. It is now common for soldiers globally to treat each and every person injured in combat with the same respect and dignity even if he or she is an enemy. The more people become aware of their fundamental human rights, the easier it is to take steps in cases of abuse. Citizens who have their rights violated with no action taken by their government will become aware that justice is possible within the framework of the International Law (Sharon, 2010). Not only is the International Law efficient or effective but it also is a departure point, and it contains extensive potentials. In different instances, individuals seek compensation for injuries and are able to help other sufferers in the future. There are other instances where individuals do not have their government on their behalf. For example, when the 16 year old Michael Dominiques sentenced to death for committing murder in the state of Nevada lost his appeal in 2000 at the Supreme Court, he took it forward to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. His state had failed to protect the third article of the United Nations Charter, the right to life. He had the opportunity of taking the law into his own hands and claiming that the application of the death penalty would violate the United States treaty and the customary international law refusing the execution of juveniles. Based on the fact that the execution of criminal offenders under the age of 18 was considered an issue of jus cogens in international customary law, the sitting judge concluded that executing a minor would be a grave and irreparable violation. Dominique’s life was spared due to the international law. Also, with the help of Roper versus Simmons case, by 2005 America changed its stance and proclaimed that the death penalty for minors would be considered

How Do We Solve a Problem Like....Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

How Do We Solve a Problem Like.Stereotypes Essay We can say that stereotypes are based in some kernel of truth. Some stereotypes are self-perpetuating, but is it up to the minority itself to regulate and stop those who perpetuate certain stereotypes? Can you tell one group of a minority to stop acting a certain way, to stop dressing a certain way, to stop talking a certain way? Would it really be better for society if we took out the kernels causing all the self-perpetuating problems? I believe the first step is in recognizing the stereotypes and prejudices we believe. From there, the process of eliminating them involves confronting your beliefs by meeting people that are different from you or challenge your thinking. Communication and being able to meet people who are not exactly like us are key factors in breaking down the walls of prejudice that we have made comfortable for ourselves. This class, I believe, is one step in the process, in getting us to step outside of our comfortable little worlds and discuss, see, and hopefully understand points of view and experiences that are shaped by the prejudices we have and the stereotypes we have made. I grew up about fifteen minutes north of NW Oklahoma City, and about fifteen minutes west of Edmond in the community of Deer Creek. Through the oil boom in the 70s and early 80s, Deer Creek started to become more and more of a white flight community of executives, business owners, and oil men than even Edmond. The majority of my school was white with a few racial minorities. No one in the late 90s had come out as gay in my high school, though the people that were assumed gay werent ever treated negatively to my knowledge. I literally had a white, middle to upper-middle class, heteronormativeexistence the first 18 years of my life. Then I came to college. Oh, here is where we might speak of the evils of the college world where students are subjected to such horrid liberal ideas that, dare we say it, challenge our thinking and beliefs. That is if I was prone to speaking ill of such an idea. It was through meeting other people not like my high school self that I began to be able to question why I had such beliefs about people. http://overmediated.blogspot.com/2009/06/how-are-stereotypes-formed-who-has.html Now, the question is: What would be a solution for stereotyping.? In some cases, eliminating the ignorance associated with social stereotypes is probable, but there is also just as great a chance that the inductee or ethnographers, will turn against them vehemently Much depends upon the purpose and the mission of the ethnographer. Whether a new understanding of any social group or sect will bring about greater tolerance is a passion many seek. Through the development of any such ethnographic abilities, the sacredness of all life will be intimately recognized and appreciated. Good question. Source(s): http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110206145145AAnHV41 http://www.ehow.com/how_2081756_stop-stereotyping-people.html Appearance * Appearance creates stereotypes in society that exist outside of gender, race or traditional social standing. These stereotypes are designed to help society place an individual within a group of people in the society for identification purposes. For instance, a person who has a large amount of visible tattoos may be stereotyped as a threatening or bad person by a segment of society while someone in a business suit may be stereotyped as trustworthy. Without further investigation beyond the initial appearance of an individual, the person using the stereotype may not know that the person with the tattoos is the leader of a local Parent Teacher Organization or that the person in the business suit is a bank robber. A stereotype based on appearance can negatively impact a persons social standing or opportunities for jobs. Read more: The Effects of Stereotyping In America | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/info_8563840_effects-stereotyping-america.html#ixzz2Lu64onkh nyone and everyone are getting them, as there no longer is a â€Å"type† to get tattoos. Unfortunately, employers still have a say about the acceptability of tattoos if it is in their dress code. They can say no to visible tattoos as long as they are consistent across the board about it.